A SYSTEM-WIDE APPROACH FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON FRESH APPLE IMPORT DEMAND

This study examines the impact of changes in exchange rate and import market composition on fresh apple import demand using source differentiated import demand functions. We modify the standard Rotterdam model to incorporate exchange rate effects by revisiting Barten's fundamental matrix equation of consumer demand theory and viewing exchange rate as a "sticky" preference variable. The results show that the preference variable had a significant impact on UK but not on Malaysian and Saudi Arabian import demands.International Relations/Trade,

Commissioning ATLAS and CMS with top quarks

The large ttbar production cross-section at the LHC suggests the use of top quark decays to calibrate several critical parts of the detectors, such as the trigger system, the jet energy scale and b-tagging.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Talk given at `V Workshop Italiano sulla Fisica pp a LHC', Perugia, Italy, 30 January - 2 February 200

Clinical indications of Hingwashtaka Choorna an experiential and scientific view

Choorna preparations are the pulverized products of Ayurveda medicine which are widely used by Ayurveda physicians in Indian subcontinent. Avipattikara Choorna, Lavana Bhaskara Choorna,  Gangadhara Choorna,  Swadishta Virechana Choorna,  Pancha Sakara Choorna,  Shatsakara Choorna,  Talisadi Choorna,  Sitopaladi Choorna,  and Triphala Choorna are few formulations which are commonly used in Ayurveda practice.  Choornas are easy to prepare and easy to administer also. However, they should be stored after airtight packing.  Otherwise, they get spoiled and their pharmacological action is lost. Hingwashtaka Choorna is one such preparation which is generally used as appetizer, digestant and carminative also. In diseases like Agnimandya, Ajirna, Atisara, Malabandha, Udarashoola, Kukshi Shoola,  Anaha, Adhmana and Atopa, Hingwashtaka Choorna gives good results. The present paper highlights about the clinical indications of Hingwashtaka Choorna in an experiential and scientific view

Constraints on Disconnected Contributions in ππ\pi\pi Scattering

The accuracy of the lattice QCD computation of hadron-hadron scattering at low isospin depends critically on the ability to compute correlation functions with fermionic disconnected Wick contractions. This happens, for instance, in isospin $I=0$ $\pi\pi$ scattering, which receives contributions from rectangular and vacuum types of contractions among other easier calculable ones. Combining L\"{u}scher's formula and partially-quenched chiral perturbation theory, we provide precise theory predictions of the discrete energy levels extracted from specific linear combinations of lattice correlation functions corresponding to various types of contractions. Expressions are provided for extracting the unphysical low-energy constants in the partially-quenched chiral perturbation theory from the energy levels for these contractions. The predictions for the rectangular and vacuum contractions may serve as solid tests of the accuracy for existing and future lattice studies of $\pi\pi$ scattering.Comment: Version to appear in JHE

On the Fock space for nonrelativistic anyon fields and braided tensor products

We realize the physical N-anyon Hilbert spaces, introduced previously via unitary representations of the group of diffeomorphisms of the plane, as N-fold braided-symmetric tensor products of the 1-particle Hilbert space. This perspective provides a convenient Fock space construction for nonrelativistic anyon quantum fields along the more usual lines of boson and fermion fields, but in a braided category. We see how essential physical information is thus encoded. In particular we show how the algebraic structure of our anyonic Fock space leads to a natural anyonic exclusion principle related to intermediate occupation number statistics, and obtain the partition function for an idealised gas of fixed anyonic vortices.Comment: Added some references, more explicit formulae for the discrete case and remark on partition function. 25 pages latex, no figure

Establishing a Women\u27s Literacy Support Group (A Post Literacy Approach): A Manual for Facilitators

Chapter One of this manual provides a framework a self-support system and provides a rationale for establishing a Women\u27s Literacy Support Group in Nepal. Chapter Two specifically explains how the support group meetings can be organized and how different types of learning modes/methods can be used in order to keep the group moving in the appropriate direction. The last section of Chapter Two proposes a format for evaluation. An ongoing evaluation is suggested in order to maintain the appropriateness of the support group meetings/activities. This manual is an attempt to introduce a pattern for a support group. This manual endeavors to provide alternative approach to women\u27s literacy programs which must do more to enable women to move further from reading, writing and computation to the utilization of those skills for individual as well as community development

Clinical indications of Hinguleshwara Rasa an experiential and scientific view

Herbo mineral formulations are commonly used in general practice in modern India by Ayurveda physicians. These formulations are effective even when they are given with small quantity, does not produce distaste and having quick actions. Most of the formulations contain purified and processed mercurial compounds and Shuddha Vatsanabha (Aconite). Mrityunjaya Rasa, Tribhuvana Kirti Rasa, Ananda Bhairava Rasa, Kaphaketu Rasa, Siddha Makaradhwaja Rasa, makaradhwaja gutika, Poornachandrodaya Rasa, Panchamrita Parpati, Rasa Parpati, and Hemagarbha Pottali are few formulations which are frequently used in general practice. These formulations are having the ingredients which usually possess actions like Dipana, Pachana, Rasayana, immunomodulator, anti-infective, antibacterial, bactericidal, immunity booster, strength promoting and antioxidant properties. They are given in chronic debilitating diseases with suitable adjuvant therapy. The present paper highlights about the clinical indications of Hinguleshwara Rasa in an experiential and scientific view

Comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Vartaku Gutika and Chitrakadi Vati in the management of Grahani Roga (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

Background: Grahani is a disease of great clinical relevance in modern era because of it’s directly link with improper food habits and stressful lifestyle. Agnimandhya is root cause of Amadosha and it is crucial factor for Grahani and causes Pakwa Apakwa Mala Pravritti. It can be correlated to irritable bowel syndrome. About 15% of the general populations have symptoms that justify diagnosis of IBS. As in the Grahani Agnimandhya is important factor in Samprapti, so it should be treated with Agnivardhan Yogas. Vartaku Gutika which is described in Chakradatta as reseach drug and Chitrakadi Vati mentioned in Charak Samhita for control group. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Vartaku Gutika and to compare the effect Vartaku Gutika and Chitrakadi Vati in the management of Grahani. Methods: 40 enrolled subjects completed the course of intervention. Randomly they were divided into two groups, group A was given Chitrakadi Vati and group B Vartaku Gutika abd they were adviced 500 mg of tablet two times after food with Ushna Jala, and were adviced to follow Pathya Aahara. Statistical analysis with paired t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann Whitney test, Mc Nemar test and Chi square test was performed for numerical, ordinal and nominal data respectively. Results: Statistically significant reduction of Lakshana of Grahani in both the group was observed. Overall Vartaku Gutika has more improvement in compared to Chitrakadi Vati. Conclusion: Both Vartaku Gutika and Chitrakadi Vati breaking the pathology of Grahani, but in this study Vartaku Gutika is more effective than compared to Chitrakadi Vati

Clinical indications of Saraswatarishta an experiential and scientific view

Asavarishtas are commonly used by Ayurveda physicians in general practice. Arjunarishta, Abhayarishta, Ashokarishta, Amritarishta, Ashwagandharishta, Balarishta, Bhrungarajasava, Chandanasava, Chavikasava, Draksharishta, Dashamoolarishta, Dhatyarishta, Eladyarishta, Jeerakarishta, Kutajarishta, Kanakasava, Lodhrasava, Lohasava, Punarnavasava, Pushkaramoolasava and Sarivadyasava are few Sandhaniya preparations which are commonly used in clinical practice. Asavarishtas contain 9.5% self-generated alcohol content and can be preserved for prolonged period also. Saraswatarishta is one such preparation which is given in insomnia, mental retardation, and mental disorders, mania, depression, psychosis, anxiety disorders. It contains mainly Brahmi (Bacopa monirei) which is Medhya Rasayana, antistress, adaptogenic, antidepressant, hypnotic, also. In this paper, a clinical indication of Saraswatarishta is described in detail